Vietnamese translations are produced by our translation experts in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, environment, banking, air transport and many more subjects. Your translation can be delivered in any document format.
Vietnam is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, located in the northern-most part of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest and Cambodia to the southwest. The coast adjoins the South China Sea to the east of the country.
The population of over 90 million makes Vietnam the 13th most populous in the world.
Vietnam has 17 major airports of which three are international: Noi Bai for Hanoi, Danang for Danang City, and Tan Son Nhat for Ho Chi Minh City. The third of these is the largest, handling 75 percent of international passenger traffic. The national airline, Vietnam Airlines, has a fleet of 30 aircraft, linking the country to 19 major international cities. In 2004 Vietnam Airlines had 5 million passengers expects its passengers to exceed 12 million by 2010. Vietnam Airlines announced that it would purchase Airbus A310–200 aircraft and four Boeing Dreamliners. The plan is to expand the aircraft fleet to over 70 aircraft by 2010. Since 2006, Vietnam Airlines has cooperated with American Airlines for international flights under a code share agreement for routes from Vietnam to the United States, Japan, and Europe.
Pacific Air Lines is a low-cost airline based in Ho Chi Minh City and operates domestic and international services, both as scheduled and as charter flights.. The airline will become known as Jetstar Pacific during 2008, as a part of the Jetstar network operated by Qantas. The airline plans to be flying up to 30 Airbus A320 aircraft within the next decade to meet growing passenger numbers. The airline is under 20 years old and is now owned by Vietnam’s State Capital Investment Corporation, Saigon Tourist, and operating partner Qantas of Australia. The airline has become the first Vietnamese low cost airline. Vietnam Airlines is the national flag carrier of Vietnam, and was established in 1989, after bringing together several different Vietnamese service companies. Vietnam Airlines hopes to expand its services to the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
Vietnam today is a very different country to that of its recent past: the political regime is still that of a Socialist one-party state but the economy has been liberalised in many respects.
Vietnam was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century and they were eventually expelled in the mid-20th century after the major military defeat at the Siege of Dien Bien Phu, leaving the nation divided into two countries: the “loyalist” South and the Communist North. The bitter fighting of the Vietnam War ended with a communist victory in 1975 and the then united albeit war-ravaged nation was politically isolated. The Soviet-style centrally-planned economy hindered reconstruction. Collectivization of farms, factories and economic capital was implemented: millions of people were put to work in government programs. Vietnam's economy was plagued by inefficiency and corruption within the state sector, by poor quality in its output and under-utilisation of available capacity. Restrictions on economic activities and trade compounded the problems. Vietnam also suffered from the trade embargo imposed by the United States and Europe after the Vietnam War. These constraints continued until 1986 when the Communist Vietnam Government initiated economic and political reforms and the country began the long economic but not political journey towards international acceptance. One of the key drivers for this liberalisation programme was that many of Vietnam’s trade partners in the Communist blocs began to weaken economically.
In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced significant economic reforms with market economy elements as part of a broad economic reform package. Private ownership was to be encouraged in industry, commerce and agriculture. Vietnam’s economic growth took off and achieved an average 8% annual GDP growth in the 1990’s easing to just below 7% in the next decade. The finance for this economic growth came from foreign investment which grew threefold and domestic savings which quintupled.
Manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries have come to form a large and fast-growing part of the national economy over recent decades. Although Vietnam is a relative newcomer to oil exploration, Vietnam is nevertheless the third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia: output is believed to be over 400 thousand barrels per day.
At a national level, Vietnam is now one of Asia's most open economies: trade is over 150% of GDP. By contrast the equivalent ratio for China is 75% and for India is about 40%.
This relatively high ranking in the trade/GDP league table is in part because Vietnam is still a relatively poor country. Its annual GDP in the mid 2000’s was estimated to have been under of US$ 300 billion. This would have represented a per capita purchasing power of about US$ 3 thousand. There are still significant disparities in income between the country’s conurbations, tourism/leisure and industrial sectors on the one side and the rural agricultural sector on the other side. That said, the rural agricultural economy is substantially self-sufficient and so the contrasting statistics are not an entirely reliable comparator of income and wealth disparities within an economy such as that of Vietnam. Nevertheless “deep poverty”, defined as a percent of the population living on under $1 per day, has declined significantly and is now smaller than that of China, India, and the Philippines.
As a result of several land reforms, in global terms Vietnam is now the largest producer of cashew nuts and the second largest rice exporter after Thailand. Other key exports include coffee, tea, rubber, and fishery products. As the overall national economy has developed in recent decades, so the agricultural share of total national economic output has declined as a share of GDP from 42% in the mid 1980’s to 20% in the mid 2000’s. Other economic reforms, facilitating the rapid transition from a centralised state-run economy to a market economy, include the reform of domestic intellectual property legislation to comply with international conventions.
Within 15 years of the 1986 re-orientation, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with many different non-Communist countries around the world. As its economic growth rate, albeit from a low base, has become one of the highest in the world in the past two decades, so Vietnam burnished its international credentials. Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) in 2007 and a non-permanent member of the United Nations (“UN”) Security Council in 2008. Vietnam's chief trading partners for manufactures include Japan, Australia and ASEAN countries, followed by the U.S. and Western European countries.
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